D

Deflagration

A rapid chemical reaction in which the output of heat is enough to enable the reaction to proceed and be accelerated without input of heat from another source. Deflagration is a surface phenomena with the reaction products flowing away from the unreacted material along the surface at subsonic velocity. The effect of a true deflagration under confinement is an explosion. Confinement of the reaction increases pressure, rate of reaction and temperature and may cause transition into a detonation.
DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Delay Fuze

Any impact fuze incorporating a means of delaying its action after contact with the target. Delay fuzes are classified by the length of time of the delay.
Source: Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996

Demilitarization (DEMIL)

The mutilation, cutting, crushing, scrapping, melting, burning or other alteration of military equipment or material, designed to prevent it from being used for its originally intended military purpose.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Demolition

Destruction of structures, facilities or material by use of fire, water, explosives, mechanical or other means.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Destruction of Munitions

Generally means thermal treatment process such as incineration, open burning and open detonation, but could also include chemical treatment.
Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Detection

A correct declaration of the existence of UXO from system responses.
Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Detection Resolution

The smallest measurable and discrete sensor response that alerts the operator to the presence of a specific target in a given environment. Expressed in terms of size of target or weight of detected components. The smallest measurable and discrete signal from an anomaly that alerts the operator to the presence of the anomaly.
Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Detonation

A violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. A detonation is a reaction that proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity. The result of the chemical reaction is exertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding medium forming a propagating shock wave that originally is of supersonic velocity. A detonation, when the material is located on or near the surface of the ground, is characterized normally by a crater.
DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Detonation

A chemical reaction that propagates with such rapidity that the rate of advance of the reaction zone into the unreacted material exceeds the velocity of sound and explosions.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Disassembly of Munitions

Refers to a mechanical or physical process associated with dismantling unused munitions.
Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Discrimination

The ability to determine classes of UXO from detections.
Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Discrimination Capability (Classification)

A numerical representation between 0 and 100 percent of likelihood that an operator will determine classes of UXO from detections. The precision to which a device accurately determines the true values of specified parameters including target dimensions, target range, temperature, spectral content, etc., that allows identification of target versus clutter or background noise in a scene.
Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

E

Energetic Materials

Chemical compounds or mixtures of chemical compounds that are divided into three classes according to use: explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics.
Source: Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-1300-214, September 1984

Engineering Controls

Regulation of facility operations through the use of prudent engineering principles, such as facility design, operation sequencing, equipment selection and process limitations.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Environmental Security

The result of effective explosives safety management, actions, standards and criteria that are designed to protect people, equipment facilities, natural and cultural resources, the public and environment that because of DoD Operational and Logistics requirements, are associated with, or exposed to, DoD ammunition and explosives-related organizations and activities.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July 29, 1996

Expansion Chamber

A protective construction feature in an underground storage facility which is designed to reduce the blast shock and overpressure exiting the facility by increasing the total volume of the complex. It may also function as an operating area within the underground facility, as well as a debris trap.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 199

Explode

The verb used to indicate those explosive effects capable of endangering life and property through blast, heat and projection of missiles. It encompasses both deflagration and detonation.

Explosive, Blasting

Detonating explosive substances used in mining, construction and similar tasks. Blasting explosives are assigned to one of five types. In addition to the ingredients listed, blasting explosives may also contain inert components such as kieselguhr, and minor ingredients such as colouring agents and stabilizers.

Explosive, Blasting, Type A

Substances consisting of liquid organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin or a mixture of such ingredients with one or more of the following: nitrocellulose; ammonium nitrate or other inorganic nitrates; aromatic nitro-derivatives, or combustible materials, such as wood-meal and aluminium powder. Such explosives shall be in powdery, gelatinous or elastic form. The term includes dynamite gelatine, blasting and gelatine dynamites.

Explosive, Blasting, Type B

Substances consisting of (a) a mixture of ammonium nitrate or other inorganic nitrates with an explosive such as trinitrotoluene, with or without other substances such as wood-meal and aluminium powder, or (b) a mixture of ammonium nitrate or other inorganic nitrates with other combustible substances which are not explosive ingredients. Such explosives shall not contain nitroglycerin, similar liquid organic nitrates, or chlorates.

Explosive, Blasting, Type C

Substances consisting of a mixture of either potassium or sodium chlorate or potassium, sodium or ammonium perchlorate with organic nitro-derivatives or combustible materials such as wood-meal or aluminium powder or a hydrocarbon. Such explosives shall not contain nitroglycerin or similar liquid organic nitrates.

Explosive, Blasting, Type D

Substances consisting of a mixture of organic nitrated compounds and combustible materials such as hydrocarbons and aluminium powder. Such explosives shall not contain nitroglycerin, similar liquid organic nitrates, chlorates or ammonium nitrate. The term generally includes plastic explosives.

Explosive, Blasting, Type E

Substances consisting of water as an essential ingredient and high proportions of ammonium nitrate or other oxidizers, some or all of which are in solution. The other constituents may include nitro-derivatives such as trinitrotoluene, hydrocarbons or aluminium powder. The term includes explosives, emulsion; explosives slurry and explosives, watergel.

Explosion A chemical reaction of any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that, when initiated, undergoes a very rapid combustion or decomposition, releasing large volumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on the surrounding medium. Also, a mechanical reaction in which failure of the container causes the sudden release of pressure from within a p ressure vessel, e.g., pressure rupture of a steam boiler. Depending on the rate of energy release, an explosion can be categorized as a deflagration, a detonation or pressure rupture.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Explosives

Explosives are materials that detonate. They may be used independent of or form a part of ammunition.
Source: Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-1300-214, September 1984

Explosives Emergency

A situation involving the suspected or detected presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO), damaged or deteriorated explosives or munitions, an improvised explosive device, other potentially explosive material or device that creates an actual or potential imminent threat to human health, including safety, or the environment.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Explosive Emergency Response

All immediate response activities by an explosives and munitions specialist done to eliminate the actual threat during an explosive emergency.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Explosives Facility

Any structure or location containing ammunition and explosives excluding combat aircraft parking areas or ammunition and explosives aircraft cargo areas.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Explosives or Munitions Emergency

A situation involving the suspected or detected presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO), damaged or deteriorated explosives or munitions, an improvised explosive device (IED), other potentially explosive material or device, or other potentially harmful military chemical munitions or device, that creates an actual or potential imminent threat to human health, including safety, or the environment, including property, as determined by explosives or munitions emergency response specialist. Such situations may require immediate and expeditious action by an explosives or munitions emergency response specialist to control, mitigate or eliminate the threat.
Source: Military Munitions Rule, 40CFR 260.10

All immediate response activities by an explosives and munitions emergency response specialist to control, mitigate or eliminate the actual or potential threat encountered during an explosives or munitions emergency. An explosives or munitions emergency response may include in-place, render-safe procedures, treatment or destruction of the explosives or munitions and/or transporting those items to another location to be rendered safe, treated or destroyed. Any reasonable delay in the completion of an explosives or munitions emergency response caused by a necessary, unforeseen or uncontrollable circumstance will not terminate the explosives or munitions emergency. Explosives and munitions emergency responses can occur on either public or private lands and are not limited to responses at RCRA facilities.
Source: Explosives or Munitions Emergency Response Military Munitions Rule, 40CFR 260.10

Explosives or Munitions Emergency Response Specialist

An individual trained in chemical or conventional munitions or explosives handling, transportation, render-safe procedures, or destruction techniques. Explosives or munitions emergency response specialists include Department of Defense (DOC) emergency explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), technical escort unit (TEU), and DOD-certified civilian or contractor personnel; and other Federal, State, or local government or civilian personnel similarly trained in explosives or munitions emergency responses.
Military Munitions Rule, 40CFR 260.10

Explosive Ordnance

Defense Environmental Network & Info Exchange (DENIX) Any munition, weapon delivery system, or ordnance item that contains explosives, propellants and chemical agents.
Source: "Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996"

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)

The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. It may also include explosive ordnance which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Explosive Ordnance Disposal Procedures

Those particular courses or modes of action taken by explosive ordnance disposal personnel for access to, diagnosis, rendering safe, recovery and finally disposal of explosive ordnance or any hazardous material associated with an explosive ordnance disposal incident.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit

Personnel with special training and equipment who render explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance and supervise the safe removal thereof.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Explosive, Deflagrating

A substance, e.g. propellant, which reacts by deflagration rather than detonation when ignited and used in its normal manner.

Explosive, Detonating

A substance which reacts by detonation rather than deflagration when initiated and used in its normal manner.

Explosives Mishap

An accident or unexpected event involving ammunition and/or explosives.

Explosive, Primary

Explosive substance manufactured with a view to producing a practical effect by explosion which is very sensitive to heat, impact or friction and which, even in very small quantities, either detonates or burns very rapidly. It is able to transmit detonation (in the case of initiating explosive) or deflagration to secondary explosives close to it. The main primary explosives are mercury fulminate, lead azide and lead styphnate.

Explosives Safety

A condition where operational capability, personnel, property and the environment are protected from the unacceptable effects of an ammunition or explosives mishap.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July 29, 1996

Explosives Safety Management

A process of risk management, consisting of policies, procedures and engineering controls, that reduces the probability and the consequences of an ammunition or explosives mishap.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July 29, 1996

Explosive, Secondary

Explosive substance which is relatively insensitive (when compared to primary explosives), which is usually initiated by primary explosives with or without the aid of boosters or supplementary charges. Such an explosive may react as a deflagrating or as a detonating explosive.

Exposed Site (ES)

A location exposed to the potential hazardous effects (blast, fragments, debris and heat flux) from an explosion at a potential explosion site (PES). The distance to a PES and the level of protection required for an ES to determine the quantity of ammunition or explosives permitted in a PES.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Exposure

An "exposure" to UXO is defined as occurring when the person traversing or working on the site is in "close proximity" to ordnance, whether or not the person knows the ordnance is present (it could be buried). An accident or injury is not necessarily assumed to occur when an exposure takes place. The definition of "close proximity" varies, depending on the specific activity.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

F

Flares

Articles containing pyrotechnic substances which are designed for use to illuminate, identify, signal or warn. The term includes:

Flash Powder

Pyrotechnic substance which, when ignited, produces an intense light.

Fluorescence

Fluorescence sensing is the detection of the quick electromagnetic emission from the target-background which has been optically excited either by manmade (active) or natural (passive) source. Usually, fluorescence sensing involves the correlation of the excitation wavelength to increase discrimination.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Fluxgate Magnetic Gradiometer (Schonstadt or Foerster MK-26)

Instruments that measure changes in the magnetic field of the earth caused by the presence of iron- or steel-bearing objects in the near surface of the earth.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Fragmentation

The breaking up of the confining material of a chemical compound or mechanical mixture when an explosion takes place. Fragments may be complete items, subassemblies, pieces thereof or pieces of equipment or buildings containing the items.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Frost Heave

The uneven lifting or upward movement and general distortion of surface soils, rocks, vegetation and structures such as pavement, due to subsurface freezing of water and growth of ice masses.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Fuse/Fuze

Although these two words have a common origin (French fusée, fusil) and are sometimes considered to be different spellings, it is useful to maintain the convention that fuse refers to a cord-like igniting device whereas fuze refers to a device used in ammunition which incorporates mechanical, electrical, chemical or hydrostatic components to initiate a train by deflagration or detonation.

Fuse, Igniter,tubular, metal clad

Article consisting of a metal tube with a core of deflagrating explosive.

Fuse, Instantaneous (Quickmatch)

Article consisting of cotton yarns impregnated with fine black powder (Quickmatch). It burns wih an external flame and is used in ignition trains for fireworks, etc.

Fuze, Proximity

A fuze wherein primary initiation occurs by remotely sensing the presence, distance and/or direction of the target through the characteristics of the target itself or its environment.
Source: "Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996" DENIX

Fuse, safety

Article consisting of a core of fine grained black powder surrounded by a flexible woven fabric with one or more protective outer coverings. When ignited, it burns at a predetermined rate without any external explosive effect.

Fuze, Self Destruct

A fuze designed to burst a projectile before the end of its flight.
Source: "Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996" DENIX

Fuzes

Articles designed to start a detonation or a deflagration in ammunition. They incorporate mechanical, electrical, chemical or hydrostatic components and generally protective features.

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G

Grid

A geographic parcel of land ranging from 200' X 50' to 400' X 100' in size. The number of grids within a sector is dependent upon the size of the sector and the size of the grids.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Ground-to-Air

A tactical operation by ground-based defensive elements to engage airborne targets with guns, rockets and bombs.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Guided Missiles

Guided missiles are similar to rockets but are guided to their target by various systems (wire guided, internal or external radar, or video). Internal proximity fuzes are used in guided missiles, which makes approaching them extremely dangerous. Also, fired guided missiles may still contain residual propellant that could ignite and burn violently.
Source: "Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996" DENIX

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H

Hand Grenades

Small explosive- or chemical-type munitions that are designed to be thrown at short range. Classes include fragmentation, smoke and illumination. All grenades have a body, a fuze with a pull ring and safety clip assembly, and a filler.
Source: "Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996" DENIX

Hazardous Fragment

A hazardous fragment is one having an impact energy of 58 ft-lb or greater.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Hazardous Fragment Density

A density of hazardous fragments exceeding one per 600 square feet.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

High Explosive (HE)

An explosive that normally detonates rather than burns; that is, the rate of detonation exceeds the velocity of sound.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

High Explosive Equivalent or Explosive Equivalent

The amount of a standard explosive that, when detonated, will produce a blast effect comparable to that which results at the same distances from the detonation or explosion of a given amount of the material for which performance is being evaluated. It usually is expressed as a percentage of the total net weight of all reactive materials contained in the item or system. For the purpose of these standards, TNT is used for comparison.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Holding Yard

A location for groups of railcars, trucks, or trailers used to hold ammunition, explosives and dangerous materials for interim periods before storage or shipment.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Homogeneous

In UXO sampling context, "homogeneous" refers to the assumption that UXO are distributed randomly throughout a sector and not concentrated in specific areas of the sector. If this assumption is valid, exposures to UXO through hiking, construction, child play, etc., may be assumed equally likely throughout the sector.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Humanitarian Demining

The removal of residual landmine hazards and other UXO created from areas of regional conflict.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Hygroscopic

A tendency of material to absorb moisture from its surroundings.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Hypergeometric statistical distribution

One of many statistical distributions that characterize various types of data. If a set of data follows a hypergeometric distribution, observations are being collected, e.g., UXO, from a finite population, e.g., anomalies in a grid, about which some information is known or assumed, and the sampled UXO are not being returned to the sector, i.e., they are being counted and then removed.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Hypergolic

A property of various combinations of chemical to self-ignite upon contact with each other without a spark or other external initiation.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

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I

Igniters

Articles containing one or more explosive substances used to start deflagration in an explosive train. They may be actuated chemically, electrically or mechanically. This term excludes the following articles which are listed separately: CORD, IGNITER; FUSE, IGNITER; FUSE, INSTANTANEOUS, NON-DETONATING; FUZES, IGNITING; LIGHTERS, FUSE; PRIMERS, CAP TYPE; PRIMERS, TUBULAR.

Ignition, means of

A general term used in connection with the method employed to ignite a deflagrating train of explosive or pyrotechnic substances (for example: a primer for a propelling charge; an igniter for a rocket motor; an igniting fuze).

Impact Area

The identified area within a range intended to capture or contain ammunition, munitions, or explosives and resulting debris, fragments, and components from various weapon system employments.

Inactive Range

A range that is not currently being used, but that is still under military control and is considered by the military to be a potential range area, and that has not been put to a new use incompatible with range activities.

Initiation, means of

1. A device intended to cause the detonation of an explosive (for example: detonator; detonator for ammunition; detonating fuze).
2. The term "with its own means of initiation" means that the contrivance has its normal initiating device assembled to it and this device may be considered to present a significant risk during transport.

Inert Ordnance

Ordnance that never conatained explosives, or ordnance that has had all explosive and hazardous components removed.

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J

Jet Assisted Take Off (JATO) 15KS1000

A rocket motor consisting of one or more continuous-type combustion units closed at one end, with a nozzle type opening(s) at the other end containing a propelling charge which, when ignited, creates a propulsion action.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

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K

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L

Landmines

A landmine is an explosive device that is intended to explode when a person or vehicle accidentally sets it off. Mines can be categorized by type, location, appearance, effect or method of operation. Types include anti-tank, anti-personnel, blast and fragmentation. Mines may be used above or below ground and they come in many shapes sizes and colors. They can be made of wood, metal or plastic.

Land Use Controls

A combination of engineering and institutional controls intended to protect human health and the environment.
Source: Florida Department of Environmental Protection, "Interim R3M Procedures Manual"

Launch Pads

The load-bearing base, apron or platform upon which a rocket, missile or space vehicle and its launcher rest during launching.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Lighters, Fuse

Articles of various design actuated by friction, percussion or electricity and used to ignite safety fuse.

Live

A slang term indicating ordnance containing explosives or active chemicals.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Liquid Propellants

Substances in fluid form (including cryogenics) used for propulsion or operating power for missiles, rockets, ammunition and other related devices. For purposes of this Standard, liquid fuels and oxidizers are considered propellants even when stored and handled separately.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Loading Density

Quantity of explosive per unit volume, usually expressed as either pounds per cubic foot. As applied to underground storage facilities, there are two types of loading densities used in Q-D calculations: Chamber loading density is based on the NEW within an individual storage chamber and the volume of the chamber (VCH). The calculation of airblast peak pressures and IBDs for explosions in underground storage facilities is based on the shock-engulfed volume (VE) of the facility. This is the total volume filled by the expanding gases at the time the blast front reaches the point of interest, e.g., the entrance to an adjacent chamber. It includes volumes in any direction that the gases can enter, to a distance from the explosion source that equals the distance from the source to the point of interest. For IBD, the point of interest is the tunnel opening.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Loading Docks

Facilities, structures or paved areas designed and installed for transferring ammunition and explosives between any two modes of transportation.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Locate Team

A team consisting of UXO specialists that locate/reacquire target anomalies using pin flags in the grids to be sampled.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

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M

M1A1 Spotting Charge

A device that produces smoke when practice bombs or rockets impact the target.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

M152 Mechanized Time Fuze

Tail fuze for general-purpose bombs.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

M23 White Phosphorous Igniter

An initiator used to ignite smoke bombs and the napalm fillers for fire bombs.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

M-47 Bombs

A 100-pound bomb filled with white phosphorous/plasticized white phosphorous.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA Addendum, Former Buckley Field, 1/98

Magazine

Any building or structure, except an operating building, used for the storage of ammunition and explosives.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Magazine, Earth-Covered, Nonstandard

All earth-covered magazines except those listed in subsection C5.2.1, Chapter 5 with earth covering equal to or greater than that required by standard igloo magazines.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

Military Munitions

All ammunition products and components produced or used by or for DoD or the U.S. Armed Services for national defense and security, including military munitions under the control of the Department of Defense, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and National Guard personnel. The term: Includes: Confined gaseous, liquid, and solid propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics, chemical and riot control agents, smokes, and incendiaries used by DoD Components, including bulk explosives and chemical warfare agents, chemical munitions, rockets, guided and ballistic missiles, bombs, warheads, mortar rounds, artillery ammunition, small arms ammunition, grenades, mines, torpedoes, depth charges, cluster munitions and dispensers, demolition charges, and devices and any components of such. The term does not include: Wholly inert items, improvised explosive devices, and nuclear weapons, devices, and components of such. (However, it does include non-nuclear components of nuclear devices, managed under DOE's nuclear weapons program after all required sanitization operations under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, have been completed.)

Mines

Ordnance usually placed in an armed conditioing awaiting an influence to function. Influences may include such things as pressure, pull, trip wire, magnetic, and anti-disturbance. There are several types of mines including anti-personnel, anti-tank, anti-material, and sea mines.

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O

Ordnance and Explosives

Bombs, guided missiles, artillery projectiles, mortars, rockets, antipersonnel and antitank mines, grenades, sea mines, and torpedos designed to cause damage to personnel or material through explosive force, incendiary action, or toxic efffects.

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P

Primers, Cap Type

Articles consisting of a metal or plastics cap containing a small amount of primary explosive mixture that is readily ignited by impact. They serve as igniting elements in small arms cartridges, and in percussion primers for propelling charges.

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Q

QD (Quantity Distance)

The quantity of explosive material and distance separation relationships that provide defined types of protection. These relationships are based on levels of risk considered acceptable for the stipulated exposures and are tabulated in the appropriate Q-D tables. Separation distances are not absolute safe distances but are relative protective or safe distances. Greater distances than those shown in the tables shall be used whenever practicable.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

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R

Range

A designated land or water area set aside, managed, and used to conduct research on, develop, test, and evaluate military munitions and explosives, other ordnance, or weapon systems, or to train military personnel in their use and handling. Ranges include firing lines and positions, maneuver areas, firing lanes, test pads, detonation pads, impact areas, and buffer zones with restricted access and exclusionary areas. The definition of a range does not include airspace, or water, or land areas underlying airspace used for training, testing, or research and development where military munitions have not been used.

Range Clearance Operations

Explosive Ordnance Disposal specialists clear ranges of debris and unexploded ordnance, which are generally destroyed on site but may also be shipped off range for treatment or disposal.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE, 2/17/2000

Range Reconnaissance

An exploratory survey or examination, as in making a preliminary survey of physical and geographical conditions of the range as well as land use at the range. Typically, on-range reconnaissances are conducted after off-range reconnaissances.
Source:

Reasonably Anticipated Future Land Use

Realistic assumptions concerning how the former range property will be used in the future, typically based on information such as current use, the surrounding area, local land use planning and development and other relevant information.
Source:

Rifle Grenades

Rifle grenades look like mortars and range from about 9 to 17 inches in length. They may be filled with high explosives, white phosphorus, riot-control agent, illumination flares, or chemicals that produce colored screening smoke. Rifle grenades are fired from standard infantry rifles. They have an opening at the far end of a tube near the fin assembly that allows the rifle grenade to be placed on the barrel of a rifle. Rifle grenades rely on impact fuzing, which is located on the nose or internally behind the warhead.
Source: Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996"

Risk

Danger to the operator from using the equipment. Risk is a function of safe standoff from the UXO, potential of sensor causing reaction or initiation of UXO and direct/indirect secondary effects of use of sensor on the operator. Examples of direct/indirect secondary effects include radiation, signal emissions from the search instrument as with radio and/or electromagnetic radiation or drawing hostile fire.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE

Risk

The probability that a substance or situation will produce harm under specified conditions. Risk is a consideration of two factors: (1) the probability that an adverse event will occur, and (2) the consequences of an adverse event.* UXO Explosives Risk is a function of two factors: (1) the probability of encounter and munitions functioning, and (2) consequences resulting from exposure* Other Constituents Risk is a function of two factors: (1) the probability of exposure, and (2) consequences resulting from exposure.
Source:

Robust Munitions

munitions having a ratio of the explosive weight to empty case weight less than 1.00 and a nominal wall thickness of at least 0.4 inches. Examples of robust ammunition includes MK 80 series bombs, M107 projectiles, Tomahawk and Harpoon penetration warheads and 20, 25 and 30 millimeter cartridges. Examples of non-robust ammunition include CBUs, torpedo warheads, underwater mines, and TOW, Hellfire, Sparrow and Sidewinder missiles. Unless otherwise noted, all air-to-air missile warheads are defined as non-robust.
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

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S

Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT)

A statistical sampling scheme used in SiteStats/GridStats in which more and more data are collected until an estimator with a prespecified accuracy is achieved.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA

Sensitivity

The ability of a given system to obtain the smallest measurable and discrete system response that alerts the operator to the presence of a specific target in a specific environment at a given range. Parameters and/or units of measure are expressed in terms of size of target, the lowest signal reproducible by a device or a signal level that has equal probability of being signal or noise or the smallest target, and Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD).
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE

Sensor

An electro-optic device capable of generating a response to a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. An electro-optics sensor typically includes optics, detector, read-out electronics and data acquisition electronics If it is an active device, it will also include a transmitter. Depending on the technology employed, the detector/receiver may require the use of a cooling subsystem. This cooling subsystem may be either cryogenic or thermo-electric. The sensor may or may not require the inclusion of a stabilized pointing mechanism.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE

Sensor Output

The real-world inputs that the sensor has received, translated into a format that can be used for processing of and/or display of that information.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE

Shrapnel

Fragments from an exploding munition that can acquire velocities comparable to those of rifle bullets (nearly 3,000 fps) and cause great impact effects.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA

Signals

Articles containing pyrotechnic substances designed to produce signals by means of sound, flame or smoke or any combinations thereof.

Small Arms Munitions

Projectiles 0.5 inches or less in caliber and no longer than approximately 4 inches. They are fired from various sizes of weapons such as pistols, carbines, rifles, automatic rifles, shotguns and machine guns. Unexploded small arms munitions may explode if thrown into a fire or struck with a sharp object.
Source: Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): An Overview October 1996"

Smoke Grenade

A burning type of grenade used to generate smoke for screening and signaling activities. The smoke can assume a variety of colors.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA

Solid Rocket Propellant (SRP)

Rocket propellant in a solid state, as distinguished from a liquid rocket.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA

Spotting Charge

A signal (spotting) charge is normally used in each practice bomb to give a visual indication of point of impact either by releasing a puff of smoke or releasing fluorescein dye to color the water.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA

Standoff (Detection Range)

The maximum distance between the system and a specific target where a measurable and discrete signal is received.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE

Stratified Random Sampling

type of probability sample is the stratified random sample, in which the site or process is divided into two or more nonoverlapping stata, sampling units are defined for each stratum and separate simple random samples are employed to select the units in each stratum. samples within a stratum are more similar to each other than to samples from other strata. If so, a stratified random sample should result in more precise estimates of the overall population parameter than those that would be obtained from a simple random sample with the same number of sampling units.
Source:

Subcaliber ammunition

Smaller caliber ammunition that is adapted for firing in weapons of larger caliber. This can be accomplished through subcaliber tubes, interchanngeable barrels, sabots, or other devices.

Submunition

Bombs, grenades, mines, or other small miscellaneous munition items, which are dispensed from cluster bomb units (CBUs), artillery dispensing rounds, or other modular weapon dispensing configurations.

Systematic Random Sampling

Establishing a two-dimensional (or in some cases a three-dimensional) spatial grid and selecting a random starting location within one of the cells. Sampling points in the other cells are located in a deterministic way relative to that starting point. In addition, the orientation of the grid is sometimes chosen randomly and various types of systematic samples are possible. For example, points may be arranged in in a pattern of squares (rectangular grid sampling) or a pattern of equilateral triangles (triangular grid sampling). The result of either approach is a simple pattern of equally spaced points at which sampling is to be performed.

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T

Technical Impracticability

explosives safety concerns and limitations of existing unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection and destruction technologies may lead to consideration of site-specific remedies that are limited to institutional controls and monitoring.
Source:

Technology Limitations

The boundaries restricting basic science and/or technology from performing a particular function such as UXO detection, classification, etc.
Source: Department of Defense UXOCOE

Thermite

An incendiary grenade used primarily to provide a source of intense heat to destroy equipment.
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EE/CA

Torpedoes

Ordnance propelled through water containing an explosive or non-explosive propulsion system and designed to be used against ships or submarines.

Tracers for Ammunition

Sealed articles containing pyrotechnic substances, designed to reveal the trajectory of a projectile.

Transferring Range

A military range that is proposed to be leased, transferred or returned from the DoD to another entity, including Federal entities. Transfer may be by deed or lease, or by return under the terms of a withdrawal, special-use permit or authorization, right-of-way, public land order or other instrument under which DoD used the property. An active range will not be considered to be a "transferring range" until the transfer is imminent.

Tripwire

A thin (usually non-reflective metal or colored wire) which can be used as a mechanism to trigger an anti-personnel mine or a booby trap. A tripwire is usually stretched low above the ground so that any passerby will trip over it, thus setting off the explosive.

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U

Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)

Military munitions that have been primed, fuzed, armed, or otherwise prepared for action, and have been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installation, personnel, or material, and remain unexploded either as a result of malfunction, design, or any other cause. For this definition UXO is limited to items larger than 50 caliber.

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W

Waste Military Munition

Military munitions are waste when they are solid or hazardous waste under the regulations (42 USC 9601, et seq., reference (ff)) implementing the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subpart EE of Part 264 of 40 CFR, reference (dd) or defined as a waste under a DoD Component's written procedures. Waste military munitions are defined in Section 266.202 of 40 CFR, reference (dd).Note: Decisions about whether specific munitions are or are not waste should be made with reference to Section 260.10 and Sections 266.200 through 266.206 of 40 CFR, reference (dd). An unused military munition is a solid waste when any of the following occurs: The munition is abandoned by being disposed of, burned, detonated, (except during intended use), incinerated or treated before disposal' The munition is removed from storage in a military magazine or other storage area for the purpose of being disposed of, burned or incinerated, or treated prior to disposal. The munition is deteriorated or damaged, e.g., the integrity of the munition is compromised by cracks, leaks or other damage) to the point that it cannot be put into serviceable condition and cannot reasonably be recycled or used for other purposes; or, An authorized military official has declared the munition a solid waste. Note: Declaration by an"authorized official" that munitions are solid waste (Section 266.202(b)(4) of 40 CFR, reference (dd) has a very limited meaning and applicability. The only example is a declaration by the Army in 1984 that M55 rockets are waste. The Environmental Protection Agency expects that such a declaration would be in writing. A decision that munitions are unserviceable, or that they are to be transferred into a demilitarization account does not, by itself, constitute a decision that the munitions are solid waste. A used or fired military munition is a solid waste if as follows: When transported off-range or from the site of use, where the site of use is not a range, for the purposes of storage, reclamation, treatment, disposal or treatment before disposal; or if recovered collected and then disposed of by burial or landfilling either on or off a range. For the RCRA (Section 1004(27) of reference (dd), a used or fired military munition is a solid waste and, therefore, is potentially subject to RCRA corrective action authorities under Sections 3004(u), 3004(v) and 3008(h) of reference (dd) if the munition lands off-range and is not promptly rendered safe and/or retrieved. Any imminent and substantial threats associated with any remaingin material must be addressed. If remedial action is not possible, the operator of the range must maintain a record of the event for as long as any threat remains. The record must include the type of munition and its location (to the extent the location is known). (For further clarification, see 40 CFR Section 266.202 of reference (dd) under "Definition of Solid Waste").
Source: DoD Directive Number 6055.9, July, 1999

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